Saudi Arabia is a place that stays with you. The golden dunes stretching endlessly, the hum of a souq, the stillness of the desert at dusk. A country shaped by history, faith, and a vision for the future. Some hear its name and think of oil. Others picture Mecca, the heart of Islam. But there’s more to it. Stories of ancient civilizations, of tribes uniting under one banner, of cities rising from the sand.

You’ve probably had questions about it. How did it come to be? What makes it the powerhouse it is today? Let’s discover Saudi Arabia’s past and present to uncover some answers.

Who founded Saudi Arabia, and how did it happen? 

Saudi Arabia as we know it today was founded by King Abdulaziz Al Saud, also known as Ibn Saud. His journey started in 1902 when he reclaimed Riyadh, his family’s ancestral home, from the Al-Rashid clan. From there, he spent decades bringing different tribes and regions together, turning scattered territories into one nation. On September 23, 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was officially declared. Today, Saudis celebrate this date as Saudi National Day, a reminder of unity and strength.

Why is Saudi Arabia so rich?

Oil changed everything. In 1938, massive reserves were discovered in Dammam, shifting Saudi Arabia’s future in an instant. The Kingdom sits on some of the largest oil fields in the world. Unlike other places where extraction is difficult, Saudi oil is easier to access, making it incredibly profitable. Today, oil remains the backbone of the economy, generating most of its revenue.

What does Saudi Arabia export?

Crude oil and petroleum products are its biggest exports, but that’s not all. The country also ships out petrochemicals, plastics, fertilizers, and dates. While oil remains the dominant player, Saudi Arabia is investing in industries like tourism, technology, and renewable energy to build a more diverse economy.

What makes Saudi Arabia famous?

Saudi Arabia is famous for a number of things:

• Oil Powerhouse – One of the world’s biggest oil exporters.
• Spiritual Center – Home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.
• Historical Sites – The ancient Nabatean city of Al-Hijr (Madain Salih) and the birthplace of the Saudi state, Diriyah.
• Modern Wonders – Riyadh’s skyline, futuristic projects like NEOM, and iconic skyscrapers such as Kingdom Tower.

You can discover the heart of Saudi Arabia in many of these historical and modern sites.

When was oil discovered in Saudi Arabia?

The country struck oil at Dammam Well No. 7 on March 4, 1938. This discovery turned Saudi Arabia from a desert kingdom into a global economic force.

What is Founding Day, and why do Saudis celebrate it?

National Day marks the unification of modern Saudi Arabia, but Founding Day looks further back. It commemorates the establishment of the First Saudi State in 1727 by Imam Muhammad bin Saud. Celebrated on February 22, it highlights the country’s deep historical roots long before oil was discovered.

Who rules Saudi Arabia today?

Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, led by King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, who took the throne in 2015. His son, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), is driving major reforms, shaping the country’s future with economic and social changes.

Where does the king live?

The Saudi king has several royal palaces, but the most notable is Al Yamamah Palace in Riyadh. Other residences are located in Jeddah and across the country.

Why is Saudi National Day important?

National Day, celebrated on September 23, marks the unification of Saudi Arabia. It’s a time to reflect on how a divided land became a powerful and unified country.

Can women drive in Saudi Arabia?

Yes, women have been legally allowed to drive since June 2018. This was a historic change, part of broader reforms aimed at increasing women’s participation in public life. Today, seeing women drive across the country is a normal sight.

What is the dress code in Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia follows a conservative dress code influenced by Islamic traditions. Women often wear an abaya, a long black cloak, though covering the hair with a scarf is now a personal choice. Men typically wear a thobe, a long white robe. Dress codes are much more relaxed now. Foreigners can wear whatever they like as long as it is modest.

Is Saudi Arabia safe for tourists?

Yes, Saudi Arabia is safe for travelers. Crime rates are low, and security is quite efficient and strict. As a visitor, you should respect local customs and laws. The country has also made significant efforts to welcome tourists, with increased safety measures in place.

Can non-Muslims visit Mecca and Medina?

No, non-Muslims can not enter the central areas of Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam. However, they are welcome to visit other parts of the country, including historical and cultural sites.

What currency does Saudi Arabia use?

The currency of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). You can get around with credit cards in cities, but it’s always good to have some local cash on hand for smaller transactions.

Are there restrictions on public behavior?

Yes, Saudi Arabia has specific cultural norms. The Kingdom discourages public displays of affection. It is better to avoid loud music or dancing in public places. Understanding and respecting local customs ensures a smooth visit.

Can tourists get visas for Saudi Arabia?

Yes! In 2019, Saudi Arabia introduced an easy e-visa system for tourists from various countries. The process is straightforward, making it easier than ever to visit and explore the kingdom.

What are the working days in Saudi Arabia?

The workweek runs from Sunday to Thursday, with Friday and Saturday as the weekend. This schedule aligns with Islamic traditions, where Friday is the weekly holy day.

Is alcohol allowed in Saudi Arabia?

No, alcohol is completely banned in Saudi Arabia. Selling, consuming, or possessing it can lead to severe penalties. The Kingdom expects visitors to follow this law during their stay.

What languages are spoken in Saudi Arabia?

Arabic is the official language. A lot of people speak English in business and tourist areas, but you can enhance your experience by familiarizing with a few Arabic phrases.

Discover Saudi Arabia — A Country Rooted in Tradition, Moving Toward the Future

Saudi Arabia is always shifting, always surprising. The old and the new stand side by side. A call to prayer echoing through a city of glass towers. Bedouin traditions woven into a future of high-speed trains and smart cities.

The Kingdom’s story extends beyond the story books. It’s alive in the markets, the mountains, the voices of its people. And as the country opens up, there’s more to see, more to understand.

If you’re curious, keep going. Every question leads to another, every answer opens a door. Keep the drive to discover Saudi Arabia alive, one question at a time.